I suggest a simple device that allows anyone with an existing three-wire system of including chandeliers to provide five degrees of regulation of light space, saving energy and prolonging the "life" lamps incandescent up to 4-5 years. The device protects the lamps when switched on chandeliers, when the cold resistance of the filaments of the lamps are few and scattered considerable power than nominal.
Implementation of the device does not require complex and time-consuming works, scarce and inaccessible parts, and "sacrificed" one control stage, you can do only two additional elements to an existing three-wire control circuit of the chandelier.
Diagram of the device, for example chetyrehrozhkovye chandeliers, shown in Fig.1.
For her perform the necessary standard three-pole (three buttons) switch, diode, capacitors and resistors. The procedure for implementing the following. Staffing double pole switch should be disabled and removed altogether, and instead to install three buttons, one of the contacts of which shall be shorted by the diode. Diode set the on-Board switch with side stud feet. This diode provides a supply to the lights EL1 and EL2 chandeliers half power.
In series with the bulbs EL3 and EL4 include capacitors, which together with the diode allow you to get additional stage of adjustment of illumination. Resistors, shunt capacitors, ensure the discharge of the capacitor when switching off the chandelier or switch SA2 in the event of failure of the discharge circuit consisting of lamps, chandeliers. In addition, the capacitors and perform the second function. The capacity is calculated to the voltage at the bulbs EL3 and EL4 was slightly reduced, significantly prolongs their "life", i.e. increases the time to failure of these lamps.
Third the function of capacitor - protecting bulbs EL3 and EL4 at the moment of inclusion, as their capacitive reactance is of the same order as the resistance of the lamps filament, as a result they limit the inrush current through the cold spiral lamp having a low resistance. This allows for a further extension the service life of the lamps. Capacitors and resistors in the device is placed in a decorative glass chandeliers from the ceiling. If the chandelier trerotola, the lamp with EL4 capacitor and the resistor from the schematic it should be excluded. When petrokova the fifth chandelier the lamp is connected in parallel to the lamp EL.2. The contact group SA1 device operated by pressing the left switch, and the contact group SA2 and SA3 accordingly, middle and right keys.
When you turn on the chandelier original press keys SA3 or SA2 (right or middle button). This leads to ignition, respectively, of the EL lamps.1 or EL.2 that connect to the network via the diode that protects them at the moment of inclusion of the reduction in the amount of current flowing through the lamp. Each lamp shines with incomplete heat, so how is supplied half power. This is the first step adjustment light that can be used for emergency lighting, which allows to save electricity. By pressing keys SA3 and SA2 lit the lamp EL.1 and EL.2, working with incomplete intensity, wherein the illumination of the room above. It the second level of adjustment of illumination. Including SA3 and SA1, to the lamp EL1 fed full power, and she glows with full intensity - the third step adjust the lighting, and the original lamp is turned on through the diode that protects it at the moment of inclusion. By pressing SA2 and SA1 light lamp EL2, EL3, EL4, and lamp EL2 is operating at full intensity, and lamp EL3 and EL4 - small nedoklan.
When you turn on the lamp EL2 is protected by the diode, and the lamps and EL3 EL4 - capacitors. Work lamps EL3 and EL4 with small increases their nedoklan the mean time to failure. This mode is the fourth level of adjustment of illumination. And finally, the pressing of the switch in order SA3, SA2, SA1 leads to the inclusion of all lamps chandeliers with the protection when you turn them. This is the last - the fifth the level of adjustment of illumination.
Thus, as follows from the principle of operation of the device. economic the effectiveness of the chandelier is to extend the "life" incandescent lamps and save energy by selecting in the moment of illumination premises, using any of the five possible degrees of regulation.
It must be remembered that enable the chandelier should always starts with the first step regulation, i.e. by pressing the right or middle button switch, therefore these keys, it is desirable to somehow to select, for example, by making on them stickers of colored paper or marking paint. Abandoning one stage regulation, it is possible to simplify the device, the deletion of the capacitors and resistors (Fig.2).
In chetyrehrozhkovye chandelier lamp in most cases connected in pairs, so no change in the circuit of the lamp chandeliers to do. Replace only two-pole three-pole switch and mounted on its circuit Board diode, which bypasses a single contact group. The way the chandelier remains the same as that for the circuit in Fig.1. Capacitors are easier to apply small, for example, type K73-11 capacity A 2.2 µf rated voltage 250 V, making of them needed a battery for the lamp of corresponding capacity. So, for the lamp is 40 watts enough two capacitors connected in parallel, for lamps 60 and 75 watts - three capacitors, 100 watts - four capacitors.
Type resistors MLT-0,5. Diodes type KD202 with alphabetic indices K, M, R for a current of 3 A and a reverse voltage is not below 400 V. it is Possible to use capacitors of type K73-17 1 µf, 250 400… In having smaller dimensions.
Literature
Author: K. V. Kolomeitsev, Ivano-Frankivsk