To attach light sources to the electricity network, management, and to provide the required modes of lighting serve devices lighting electrical systems, which include the cartridges, circuit breakers, switches, sockets and plugs, starter the device for starting fluorescent lamps, etc.
The purpose, design and method of installation are distinguished ammo pendant, reinforcing the nipple or a nipple neck, hanging papermachine with metal eyelet, ceiling and wall. In according to the size of the lamp base cartridges come with thread 14, 27 and 40 mm.
Switches and single pole switches for voltages up to 250 V and currents up to 10 And are intended for switching electrical circuits electrical lighting AC frequency 50 Hz. Switches single pole protected, and hermetic versions for both exposed and hidden installation shall withstand not less than 20 thousand outages. With the aim of increasing the switching capacity and durability the contact part of modern circuit breakers and switches made of a sintered metal, that can withstand more than 200 thousand outages.
Fig. 43. The connection of the switch
Switches and switchand are classified into switches for keyboards hidden and outdoor installation, swivel hermetic switches, switches for flush mounting, etc.
Single-phase and three-phase power consumers (portable lamps, household appliances, electric tools and so p.) with rated currents up to 10 and 25 amps at voltages up to 250 and 380 V to power supply connecting by means of plug compounds that consist of two main elements: sockets and plugs.
Sockets are available with round and flat pins. Application flat contacts allows you to create more reliable contact connection, to reduce the consumption of copper and almost double that compared with round to prolong the service life.
In areas with high risk and extremely dangerous use of two - and three-pole sockets with earthing contact, which is joined by a conductor of the grounding network for connect portable appliance to electric network voltages up to 36 V.
Electrical wires up to 2.5 mm2 can join contact terminals two-pole sockets for currents up to 10 A, wire cross-section up to 16 mm - to three-pole sockets for currents up to 25 A.
The lighting fixtures are conventionally divided into fittings for incandescent lamps, mercury lamps and fluorescent lamps in depending on the light source.
Fittings luminaires for incandescent lamps and mercury lamps consists of a body and fixed in the cartridge. The case is closed pendant is attached to the bottom cover glass for protection lamp from contamination and mechanical damage, a top mounted eyelet for hanging the lamp to the supporting design. Body neck heavy fixtures, mounted rigidly on the pipe, is a pipe with internal 3/4" thread. Some types of lamps supplied with a special device - a handle having two seal for separate sealed input supply cables network and hook for hanging.
There is a wide variety of designs of lamps, wherein lighting characteristics.
Often lamp fittings for fluorescent lamps is a metal housing in which are mounted adjusting device, londerzeel, and starteroderzhatel the connecting wires. The lamp is attached to electric supply with clips located under one of caps of the suspension unit. To the valve housing usually attached to the reflector, which, depending on the design lamp has the louver, protective the glass or lens.
By design, the lighting characteristics of the lamps must meet the conditions of work and environment, to meet the requirements of safety, be comfortable in service.
The disadvantage of fluorescent lamps and DRL to be included in the AC network, are periodic changes in their light flood frequency is twice the frequency of the mains current. These the changes of the light flux which is invisible as a result of the inertia of view, very dangerous, when the lamp is used for lighting moving subjects. When the pulsation of the luminous flux is distorted perception of the real rate and the direction of motion of objects. For example, illuminated with fluorescent lamps and DRL parts of the machine or processed objects, rotating with a certain the frequency may seem fixed and even rotating in the opposite direction. Therefore, when lighting, in which there are machines and mechanisms with rotating parts, used switching circuits for fluorescent lamps and DRL, which eliminates unwanted and dangerous pulsations of luminous flux.
Author: E. A. Bannikov