Bee venom is a valuable and indispensable raw material for many drugs - get differently. For example, using the device of "Jadwiga". He serves on special frame-dosborne placed in the hive, irritating impulses, which force the bees to defend. Jala frame, winged healer leave it your fast crystallizing the poison.
Flattering responding about the possibilities of "Jadwiga", beekeepers, however, are unanimous that the increase in power output (and hence the number of connected framework-dosbarrios) device will not interfere. Taking into account these suggestions, developed and successfully tested a three-channel electronic version of the bee venom collector "Jadwiga-12". If necessary, some of it twelve regular frames can be disabled by removing the supply voltage from one or more channels of amplification. In addition, even when the failure of two amplifying stages, the device continues to operate, albeit with reduced performance. Triple reserve of reliability, inherent in the design, is not superfluous in field conditions.
At the heart of "Jadwiga-12" - an electronic device that produces adjustable "packs of pulses of audio frequency 50-15 000 Hz duration 1-60 and with an amplitude of 100 V. the Pulses are fed to the twelve special frames, placed to the hive. Frame can be combined into a cassette four frames each.
The duration of the parcel and pause, the frequency and amplitude of the signal are selected experimentally. Beekeepers with experience most often recommend to install this device mode: audio frequency "bundles" of pulses 100 Hz, amplitude 30 V, the duration of 1 second pause between "packets" - 6 S.
The device consists of a generator of audio frequency DD2, the clock generator DD1, the extender of three emitter followers VT1, VT4, VТ7 in parallel with included entrances and three low-frequency amplifiers DA1, DА2, DA3, each of which covered its cascade of automatic gain VT2-C9, VT5-C24, VТ8-S and is loaded on its own step-up transformer with one to four frames. The composition of "Jadwiga-12" also includes AC adapter and the regulator issuing a voltage of +9 V and +15 V.
A circuit diagram of the device "Jadwiga-12" (click for enlarge)
The acoustic frequency generator produces oscillations whose frequency is adjustable resistor R19. The waveform generator output is a square wave.
Generator DD2 is controlled by a clock generator DD1 producing packages duration 1-30 with adjustable resistor R1, and the length of pauses between resistor R4. Ramasadaya capacitors C1 and C2 included sequentially towards each other, as a kind of "bipolarism" large capacity in a small footprint. Special thanks to the cascade, assembled transistor VT3, try to negotiate a high output resistance chip DD2 with lower input impedance of the coupler. Resistor R21 is governed by the amplitude of the output signal.
On chips DA1, DA2 and DA3 collected three identical low-frequency amplifier. They are made according to the standard scheme with frequency correction (L1C14, L2C22 and L3C41) the signal at the output of the device. Transistors VT2, VT5 and VT8 implemented cascades automatic gain.
The main path of the amplified audio signals to the primary windings of the the output transformers T1, T2 and TK. But there is a fork designed for "hearing" of control. Leads it through the switch SA4.1 to the telephone earpiece BF1.
Working pulses, transformed in the direction of increasing voltage, arrive on the scope of the venom. For visual monitoring their amplitude is pointer instrument RA1. Through the bridge diode detector is connected 2 sections and 3 of the switch SA4 to the secondary winding of any of T1-T3.
Setting "Jadwiga-12" special difficulties, as a rule, does not cause. Stabilizer begins to work immediately when connected to mains power supply or to batteries (battery cells 12 to 24 In). Frequency range generator DD2 is set by the selection of R20 and C15 in extreme positions the slider of the variable resistor R19. The duration of parcels and pauses between them is adjusted by changing the capacitance C1 and C2 and the resistors R1 and R4.
The operation of cascades is to bypass the input circuit DA1 open collector and emitter switching thyristor VT2 when submitting its base the control voltage through a capacitor C9. Work remaining stages (VT4, VT8) is similar.
The sensitivity of the device RA1 is governed by the selection of the resistance of the resistor R35. It is necessary to limit the deflection of the microammeter RA1 was observed upon reaching the voltage on output 100 (the position of the slider of potentiometer R21 - on the maximum amplitude). Trimmer resistors R9, R25 and R39 are used to alignment of the output voltage on all three channels.
PCB clock and audio generators (A), channel amplification of audio frequency (B) and stable source of power supply(In) (click to enlarge)
The design uses a microchip CLE, CLE, CO. Semiconductor the triode CTB can be replaced by CT, CT, KT315, CT, CT, transistor CTA - CT, CT, CT. Fixed resistors are the most common - type MLT-0,25. Instead of the Zener diode DA accept any of D, and analogue DV can serve D.
Microammeter RA1 with the current total deviation of 100 μa. But here valid replacement of the pointer instrument with similar parameters. However, need adjustment the nominal value of the resistor R35.
Speaking about other items, it should be noted that in the original "Hedwig-12" used a Cup of the TONE-2 with full coil resistance of 1600 Ohms. The switch SA4 disk, designed for three positions and the same directions; the switches SA1-SA3 and SA5 type TB2-1.
As the transformers T1-TK perfect weekend from a household lamp radios. They only included the opposite: low-voltage winding - to chip, and high-voltage - selection framework of poison. Power transformer any, power not less than 50 And In and output voltage V. 15-20 Inductors L1-L3, containing eight turns of wire PEL-0,27 wound resistors MLT-0,25 nominal value of not lower than 100 kω.
The device is mounted in a rectangular case. Bodies of management and control displayed on the front panel and output terminals and fuses. The PCB of the device itself and the stabilizer is made of one-sided foil fiberglass 1.5 mm thick.
Frame collection venom is a plate of glass sizes 400x260x3 mm (for a detailed description of its construction, see No. 6’99 magazine). On the long side the plates are mounted a plank of wood with a groove into which is inserted dosborne glass.
On top of the wooden frame of each of the plates wound wire "nichrome" thick 0.2-0.3 mm in two 50-turn coil so that the turns of one was located between the turns of the other with a pitch between adjacent wires of 4 mm. Opposite (external) the windings of the coils are connected to terminals, to which is supplied the output voltage. The inner free ends.
"Jadwiga-12" - a device requiring accurate and careful handling. Otherwise if he can "sting" that hurts, like a real bee.
The technique of the collection of bee venom using "Jadwiga-12" complexity is not different. Success is guaranteed by the presence of the equipment itself, including the pulse generator, dosborne, connecting a two-wire line, filter (200 holes per 1 cm2), a 12-volt battery box for cleaning glass. It is also desirable to have the scraper, dishes with a capacity of 100 g with a glass stopper, gauze (respirator), refrigerator, scales with measuring accuracy up to 0.1 g, in vacuum desiccator or glass jars W l c wide mouth and plastic cover, dehumidifiers (pentoxil, tealit or silica gel, 300 g), wax or blue tape.
Preparation for work is the placement of part-POI-collections in the hive (pre - plug-glass should be rinsed with alcohol, canvases and ceiling to be removed), the connection the line to the generator and deploy it so that nearly every processed the hive was located on the outlet and connecting the generator to the source power supply. The lids of the hives should be moved for ventilation. Then connect it to the first line, passing to the generator dosborne.
With a strong bribe bee venom is not recommended to collect the Most productive the time to obtain the most pure poison - 4-5 o'clock in the morning, when the bees have not managed to recycle bribes, brought the day before.
A procedure like this. You need to set the generator mode with the amplitude of the pulses 30, the duration of "bundles" of 1, the length of the pause frequency bei fill "bundles" of 50-100 Hz. You can also recommend with the following option options: 30, 2 C, 2 C and 500 Hz. Which of the modes to prefer, to solve the beekeeper, based on their experience and productive features bee colonies. (Note: adjustment WORKING and PAUSE should be set at using a stopwatch, focusing on the alarm indicator.)
If bees were stinging the glass (without their case), then you can continue work and using the AMPLITUDE adjustment, to select the optimal mode generator. Then, connecting all the remaining bee colonies, it is necessary to make sure that any dosborne not short circuited line (defective frame shall be subject to immediate disconnection from the device and replaced with a regular one!). Sign short circuit - no sound signal generator when "suspicious" load.
Session duration receiving bee venom should not exceed forty minutes. The frequency of taking the poison from one bee colonies - once in 7-10 days. On after the session, detach the frame from the line, to shake off the bees (the use of brushes is possible!) and stack frame in portable drawer. Then turn off the generator, to collect all the equipment, and dosborne be attributed in a cool dry room.
The front panel and the layout of the bee venom collector
Receiving bee venom - it can say, delicate, requiring careful compliance technology. It is strictly forbidden to hold glass plates with poison in the sun. If the bees don't go on the frame (this can be observed through a few sessions), it is recommended to blow air on them or gently knock on the hive. At the taking of the poison, it is useful to glance at the thermometer: ambient temperature must be at least 15°C. otherwise, you can chill the brood.
When cleaning glasses also have their own characteristics. First of all you need appropriate equipment. And this is made from Plexiglas box size 600x400x350 mm without bottom, but with two holes for hands, provided the armlets; a respirator or a four-layer gauze bandage on the mouth and nose, scraper with replaceable razor blades (one for each cleaning dosborne - tip quickly become dull) and wide-mouthed glass bottles 100-200 ml with ground stoppers.
The essence of the removal and primary processing of obtained poison is that, putting "bitten" bees glass insert on the table and covered with a box made of plexiglass, to remove the scraper from the glass already crystallized poison. (If you need deskribapena to avoid places with obvious contamination, whether it's pollen, nectar, etc., with nothing them scrubbing.) Then skip shot raw materials through a sieve and pour into the bottle. This bottle of poison (not closed!) should be placed for final drying the upper part of the dryer, and the bottom pour the desiccant - pre - calcined and then cooled to room temperature in a sealed container.
In the absence of the desiccator should all freshly harvested bee venom to put on paper plate in a glass jar with a desiccant. The lid for the best tightness it is recommended to fasten with tape. Endurance - 24 hours at a temperature close to zero.
Note that when dosyanin a new portion of bee venom in a bottle, taken from the refrigerator, condensation may form. To prevent this happened, you need to first withstand the bottle for 4-5 h at room temperature and only then replenish the poison.
Finished bee venom, it is necessary to weigh to the nearest 0.1 g, pour into a clean bottle and seal it, dipping the tube in the melted wax. On the label you specify the weight (tare and poison), collection date, place the location of the apiary. Keep a bottle with its valuable contents in need two-layer convolution of opaque black paper at the bottom refrigerator.
The evidences of poison: white or light yellow, moisture - not more than 2 percent, the content of impurities is not more than 2 percent, the activity of phospholipase And at least 140 units to gather, meet the standards of pharmaceutical raw materials from thirty bee colonies, takes about ten hours.
Forwarding bee venom must be packaged in glass a sealed container (not more than 100 g in one capacity), carefully wrapped opaque black paper. All this is placed in mail box along with accompanying documents for the cargo and the data deliverer.
Author: V. Rubtsov