Many motorists means they are trying to improve the various components of your machine. Considerable help in providing them with electronics. Take a variety of electronic ignition, which "M-K" time has already told. Today we offer to owners of "Lada" and "Cossacks" to build a simple electronic voltage regulator (SRN), constructed the Kharkiv B. Krutikova.
He has no mechanically switched electrical contacts, at the time start the generator no load on the engine and the battery. Thereby facilitating start the motor crank handle with a poorly charged battery. Application such a device eliminates surge voltage on-Board network, it is not creates radio interference. In addition, SRN allows you to control the system oil pressure.
Schematic diagram of the electronic voltage regulator
The unit has four outputs for connection and power supply system car (see circuit diagram): "DDM" - to the oil pressure sensor, "15" - to the positive pole of the vehicle, "67" - to the field winding of the generator, "M" is the mass of the car (minus power).
The device operates as follows. When you turn the ignition on (S1), through terminal "15" receives a positive voltage at the resistor divider R1, R2, which is connected a Zener diode V1, performing the functions of a threshold element. Applied to the Zener voltage is below the level of its opening - tone base transistor V2 is missing: a semiconductor triode locked. However, the transistors V3-V5 are closed, since the pressure of the oil at engine idle there is no contact S2 of the oil pressure switch closes the collector circuit V2 on the weight of the vehicle (via terminal "DDM"). The current in the excitation winding of the generator missing (in a regular voltage regulator in this case takes place about the tone 2.5 A) indicates the lamp N1 oil pressure. This state ERNE persists until until after the engine starts, the oil pressure will not cause an open contact S2.
Now on the manifold V2 via extinguished the lamp H1 is supplied a positive voltage n transistors V3, V4 conduct current. As a result, the transistor V5 is opened, and via connector "67" in the excitation winding (OB) generator G1 is powered from battery GB1. The generator starts to charge the battery GB1. As increase engine speed (generator) and increase battery life the vehicle voltage is increased. At the same time increases and the voltage applied to the Zener diode V1. As soon as it exceeds the voltage unlocking V1, arises base current of the transistor V2 and he will begin to open, and the transistors V3 - V5 is closed, thereby reducing the current in the excitation winding to 0.5-0.7 A: the strain and the tone produced by the generator in the vehicle's electrical system and the battery, are falling.
When the load increases (for example, by including lighting), current consumption increases, the voltage decreases, transistor V2 is slightly is closed and the current flowing through the semiconductor triode V5 through the winding the excitation increases. The generator gives more current in the electrical system car, maintaining a constant voltage in it. For example, in car "Lada" when fully powered lighting at low speed engine through the transistor V5 and the excitation winding current flows about 1.5 A. the increased speed it decreases to 0.9 A. dissipated in the transistor V5 capacity can reach 8 watts.
In the case of ERNE enabling signals turn causes large changes the excitation current of the generator than the normal voltage regulator. It indicates that the ERN has time to follow all the changes of the load the onboard network of the car, did not cause a significant surge in the winding excitation having a large inductance. The reason is that at the moment locking the transistor V5 EMF winding applied to its emitter in otricatelniy polarity that does not allow a sharp locking V5. Thereby occurs surge collector and the reliability of the output transistor increases.
The resistors R1 and R2 are selected on the basis that ERNE supported the battery voltage (the on-Board network of car power) is equal to a 13.5-13.8 V regardless of load changes. With the high voltage battery is not charging above acceptable norms, not "boil over" the electrolyte. To boost the voltage of the generator, it helps to reduce the resistance of the resistor R2 or R4 to 1 kω.
Check the serviceability of ERNE, measuring the voltage at terminal "15" and "67". When the ignition on and the engine off, the voltage at first is the same as and a battery, and second it is equal to 0 V. When the engine is running, the voltage at terminal "15" at any speed should be 13.8 per of 14.2 In (in based on the configuration ERNE).
In electronic voltage regulator as part of a valid V5 to apply the series transistors CT, KT805, CT. and instead of two semiconductor triode V3 and V4 can be set in the n-p-n conductivity with the collector current of at least 150 mA and the voltage across it is higher than 15 In (for example. series CT, KT815). The Transistor V2 (CTA) can be replaced by CTB, V. a Zener diode replaces the same DG the device is brand DB, DD or DE.
Elements ERNE posted on the Board, made of one-sided glass fiberglass method of cutting the foil on the conductive areas. Contact the petals of a connector made of sheet brass. Through the holes in them charge attached to the laminated bakelite bracket (base ERNE). The other two holes are to install the radiator transistor V5, Radiator - ribbed, size 35 40x45 mm Top him screwed the plastic case from the standard regulator voltage with ventilation holes in the bottom and top parts of the side of the walls. You can use any other container with close sizes.
When failure of the warning light or oil pressure sensor transistors V3-V5 are locked and lights the lamp of the control of the generator. To the same result causes a decrease in oil pressure is below normal. This reduces the possibility operating the engine with a faulty lubrication system.