The modes of the duty operation of the TV and turn it off when watching the program which provides considered in the paper device, different from usual used efficiency, convenience, simplicity and reliability. It is not only extends the service life of the tube and therefore the TV overall, but allows you to get other benefits.
The system is designed to extend the service life of the TV, mostly in the resulting savings are the most expensive parts - picture tube. It allows a more comfortable, pleasant and safe to handle in this household apparatus.
The device provides a mode on duty heating the glow of the tube when it detects moving objects in the room ("autoprogram") and periodically "polls the audience about the need for further work on the TV ("autocon"). An additional feature of the system, implemented at the switched off TV, maybe to be working as the alarm system.
The criterion of necessity turning the TV on is the appearance or movement the person in the room. The system is based on registration of changes insertion interference in the distribution of IR waves in the live room objects. Detecting such changes, it includes the duty heated filament the CRT goes into standby mode with a duration of about 30 s and then if not are taken no action, turns it off.
Mode of autoprogram" has a number of advantages over the widely used method continuous duty heating the filament of the CRT TV. First, it is on order a smaller average time consumption of electricity, and secondly, the lack of evaporation of the cathode material of the tube while waiting and, thirdly, significantly large electrical and fire safety in the operation. In addition, guaranteed the system relieves the syndrome turned-TV".
Function "autocon" due to the nature of the system is very easy. Through certain intervals it polls of viewers by flashing LEDs on the front panel about the need for further work on the TV. It is quite just pull the plug, i.e. to trigger the infrared IR sensor, and the TV continues to show. Obviously, it's more convenient than provided similar systems actions like clicking on a button switching channels, etc. If the system does not receive a response, about after 10 minutes, the TV will be disconnected from the network and the system enters mode expectations.
This system already works with TV "ruby - C" (ZUSTST), but can be installed and TVs in other models.
Schematic diagram of the device represented in Fig. 1. It uses remote IR sensor SRP-100 with sensible defaults, but you can use any the other sensor, but would have ensured the necessary sensitivity and method inclusion in the system (closed relay contacts in the initial state).
(click to enlarge)
The sensor nodes activate the glow of the tube and apply power to the TV is connected to unregulated source, assembled on the transformer T1, diodes VD10 - VD13 and the capacitor C4. Actually the heating circuit of the tube is connected to the winding 7 - 8 of the transformer T1 through the triac VS1, the inclusion of which through the bridge diodes VD6 - VD9 drives the optocoupler U1 node activate the glow of the tube. The latter is assembled on the transistor VT1 and the timer DA1 according to the scheme of the detector suppression pulses, described in the book Puchalski, G. I., T. Y. Novoseltseva "Design of discrete devices-integrated circuits" (M.: Radio and communication, 1990).
In the initial state of the relay contacts IR sensor K1.1 are closed, the transistor VT1 is closed, the capacitor C2 is charged to a voltage exceeding the switching threshold timer DA1, and its output level 0 is present. The system is in standby mode.
When triggered, IR sensor contacts K1.1 its relay opens, the transistor open, the capacitor C2 is quickly discharged through the diode VD1 and the transistor VT1 and at the output of the timer DA1 will be level 1, while the capacitor C2 is again charged up to the switching threshold of the timer for the waiting time of about 30 s. the Appearance of level 1 on timer output DA1 causes the opening of the optocoupler U1, triac VS1 and connection chain glow of the tube to the filament winding of the transformer T1. Led HL1 signals the inclusion of intensity.
If during the waiting time the TV is turned on, the anode of the diode VD3 will go voltage +15 V from pin 4 of connector x2 power module MPZ-3 TVs. Though diode VD2 is closed by the reverse voltage across the diode VD3 and the optocoupler U1 is still will flow the control current and the triac VS1 will remain open. A further switch timer will not affect the state of the system.
For the waiting time when the TV is turned off may occur again the sensor is triggered. As a result, the timer DA1 will restart again, starting a new countdown. If during the waiting will not be acted upon the timer will return to the zero state, the circuit abastecida and the system will go to the standby mode.
When you turn the TV starts working node mode "autocon". It contains the counter on chips DD1-DD3, D-flip-flop DD4.1, the host power management TV (VT2, K2) and node alarm (VT3, VT4, HL2).
The TV turns on when you press the SB1 (1...2). In this case, the transistor VT2 open, relay K2 and connects your contacts module the TV power to the network, you receive a supply voltage of +12 V on TV (pin 7 of connector x2 power module), arriving at the counter and the trigger. Counter and trigger DD4.1 are set to the zero state at the inputs R due the inevitable response of the sensor and opening contacts K1.1 when manipulation in the vicinity of the TV.
At pin 2 of the trigger DD4.1 includes level 1, so after releasing button SB1 transistor VT2 remains open and the relay contacts K2 closed. To the input (pin 1) counter DD1 begin to act human impulses XI with an amplitude of 10 V from pin 8 of connector X8 module radio MRC-5, which used as a counting number of the counter.
Provided that the sensor contacts remain closed, i.e. it does not occur positives in about 45 minutes (the exact value is not important) at the output 32 (conclusion 12) DD3 counter will appear in the level 1 input D of the trigger DD4.1.
This opens the transistor VT4 HL2 and led starts flashing at frequency determined by the appearance of pulses at the output 16 (pin 11) of the counter DD1 (about 1.5 Hz) and the resulting opening of the transistor VT3. This signals the device is ready to turn off the TV.
Even after about 10 min positive differential voltage arising at the output 8 (pin 10) of counter DD3, will cause a trigger switch DD4.1, the appearance at its the output of the level 0 and closing of the transistor VT2. The TV will turn off. The decline pulse at the D input (pin 5) trigger DD4.1 has some delay relative to the differential voltage at its input (pin 3), therefore the trigger switches steadily.
If during the period that preceded the switch will trigger the IR sensor, the counter is reset and the countdown will start again. It should be noted mandatory application of resistors R2 and R4 limit the current through the inputs chips.
Establishing device start with the desired waiting time, i.e. maintaining the cathode of a kinescope in a heated state, the selection timing capacitor C2 and resistor R8 (not more than 1 Mω). You should pay attention to the leakage resistance of the capacitor as small as possible.
Before connecting to the CRT, you must make sure the voltage glow face value, as due to the phase shift when switched on triac effective value of the voltage supplied to the heater, less voltage from the transformer. The inclusion of the windings in the primary circuit of the transformer T1, shown in the diagram, is made taking into account this fact. Voltage check on the dummy load, e.g. heater electronic lamp filament current, close to the value of the filament current used of the kinescope. If necessary, the deviation can be eliminated by switching the terminals 4, 4A, 4B the primary windings of the transformer. Varying the voltage to the standby power the devices produced are acceptable and noticeable impact on the system do not have.
The most important and responsible part of the system can be called an IR sensor. Applied to the device SRP-100 has the following main features: recorded speed of movement of the object is 0.15...3.6 m/s; repetition period pulses - 50, 150, 300 MS (set by the manufacturer or the user, in depending on conditions of use); viewing angle in the horizontal plane - 105°; maximum range: 20 m; voltage - 7,8...16 V; current consumption in standby mode - 14 mA in active mode with the display positives - 8 mA; for connection to external devices has normally closed relay contacts.
Sensor (made in Israel) are widely used in fire alarm systems (so called "volume sensor") both in Uzbekistan and in Russia. It can be purchased in any organization, specializing in such systems, for example, in CBR "ramp-Shavkat" (700185, Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Chilanzar district, str. Nakolik,2).
Applying the same or another sensor is determined by its the main parameters that desire and ability of the user.
In the device instead of the D-flip-flop of chip KTM applicable trigger KTM, KTM. At the counter you can use other chip structures CMOS, it is only important to obtain the necessary signals for operation of the system, and the time intervals can be changed by the user.
Also indicated in the diagram, it is possible to use transistors of the series KT3102, KT361, KT315 with any other letter or similar indices with parameters not worse than used.
All resistors - MLT. The capacitor C2 - K53-1, the remaining oxide - C50-6, K50-16, S1 - any miniature ceramic capacitor 6800 PF...0,068 UF. Diodes - any of the series CD, CD, KD521, KD522, bridges - series KTS402, KTS405 or collected on the diodes listed above. Optocoupler and triac - series AO and CU respectively with any other letter. Relay K2 - RES passports RF4.523.023-01, RF4.523.023-05. Led HL1 - ALA(M), ALB(M), HL2 - series AL307 yellow, orange or green glow. The transformer T1 is T -127/220-50.
Structurally, the standby transformer T1 power best set at the side of the TV above the control unit. Next to it is fixed circuit Board modules, the nodes of the standby heating ("autoprogram"), "auto sleep" and rectifier. Otherwise it is not recommended, as it is pretty massive transformer, hosted elsewhere, will affect the purity color image, and the chip structure of the CMOS counter will be closer to the block line scan, which is undesirable. Besides, it's more convenient to connect the power supply the chain and remove the signal from the radio module (IAC).
The LEDs are fitted in apertures in the upper right corner of the front panel, buttons - on the same panel next to the regular switch.
IR sensor, as already mentioned, is a separate remote unit, coupled with a system of three twisted wires (power, common, signal) length 120 cm, the Specific location of its placement near the TV and select the direction of its major axis is determined experimentally, as in largely it depends on applied it lenses chart focus in both planes, the mutual arrangement of the TV, furniture, absorbing surfaces and doorways in the room and the house animals. General recommendations should be considered for the placement of a sensor at a height of human growth, on a vertical surface so that the major axis was aimed at the doorway.
It should be noted that although the described system works reliably for about two years, she has a known deficiency in abrupt switching the rated voltage of the glow of the tube, especially when adverse it is switched on. To eliminate this drawback is proposed a power module the glow of the tube, a schematic diagram of which is shown in Fig. 2. In this case triac VS1 removed from the device, and the same control optocoupler U1, the bridge on diodes VD6 - VD9 (another series) and a resistor R15 (with changed value) used in the power module. RefDes new elements continue the numbering of parts main unit.
In module applied optronic control to ensure electric isolation intensity, and some unification of the inclusion of possible options such modules.
The power supply module of the glow of the tube provides a smooth increase in voltage filament and its stabilization, which contributes to an additional increase of the resource operation of the kinescope. The module has the following main characteristics: nominal the filament voltage is 6.3 V (DC), rated current is 0.7 A, the maximum current is 1.2 A, the rise time of the filament voltage to the level of 0.9 nominal value - 3 S.
The module is assembled by the regulator circuit at the shelter (DA2) with a modified way inclusion. It utilizes the direct control of the OS with the EP, i.e., the circuit forming reference voltage VT5R15R16 connected to the input of the stabilizer. This allowed the most easy to implement a smooth increase of the output voltage by adding capacitor C6 at a somewhat reduced stabilization factor, however quite sufficient to power the filament circuit.
The distinguished level is formed on a back biased emitter transition transistor VT5, operating at low currents.
Upon receipt of a control signal from the timer output DA1 of the main unit and the opening of the optocoupler U1 capacitor C6 begins to charge to the exemplary voltage. The output voltage increases as the charge of the capacitor, after which a stabilizer is included in an operating mode.
Resistor R17 is used for linearization of the output characteristic in the region of small stress. When creating a choice set the initial filament current of the tube (in the absence of a control signal of the timer) in the range of 20...50 mA. A trimming resistor R19 set the value of the output voltage 6.3 V.
When you select transistor VT5 from the KT315 note that the voltage reversible breakdown of its emitter-th transition should not exceed 6.7 In that to get the optimal characteristics of the regulation with regard to the fall the voltage at the emitter junction of transistor VT6. If this condition is satisfied not 't work, you can pick up transistor from CT with any letter index (the reversible voltage breakdown obviously lies in the desired interval).
A voltage of +9 V at the input of the stabilizer is optionally set, as in version with triac filament voltage, the switching taps 4, 4A, 46 primary winding of the transformer T1 duty power.
The transistor VT6 need to be installed on the heat sink.
Diodes VD6 - VD9, in addition to these, you can use other series CD, KD202 with any letter index. Transistor KTA (VT6) to replace CTB.
Oh KUN can be replaced by CON - one channel, for example, the chain formation reference voltage connected to terminal 1, the engine resistor R19 to the output 2; the release will serve as the pin 7; the positive power lead is connected to the output 9, the negative output 4; corrective capacitor C7 include between pins 5 and 6.
Author: D. Pankratiev, Tashkent, Uzbekistan