Motorists are many, but each of them has its own garage. When garage remotely as a lonely monument stands in the middle of nowhere or is near a private house, to use it and easy, and convenient. And in the populous cities huge army of car owners are members of the collective garage cooperatives or puts their cars on the Parking lot.
In the territory of such garages cars scurrying back and forth, and sometimes "uncle watchman" no time to regulate traffic on migration, especially in rush hours", when in the morning, people begin to "all of the sudden" to leave, and in the evening to come. Created congestion, the probability of collisions. Even the installation of the barrier does not save the situation.
To facilitate and protect traffic at the entrance to collective garages and Parking the proposed device is intended (traffic light controller). Such the device is useful and on-site underground Parking garage, near elevators and sites handling in distribution centres.
The controller is built in 2 chips, 3 optocouplers and 3 triacs.
Specifies the pulser performed on two elements DD1.1 and DD1.2 chips CLA. The frequency of the output pulses of the generator is determined the values of R1, R2 and C1. The change of capacitance C1 can significantly to change the frequency (increasing capacity pulse frequency decreases, and Vice versa). The generator controls the counter DD2 (CIE). At low levels (logical "0" on the reset input R (pin 15) and SR (pin 13) DD2 clock the pulses received at the input CN (pin 14) sequentially change DD2 the state of the counter bits. The chip is switched synchronously with the positive the differential input CN. At a high level (logic 1) at the input CP account prohibited, and the state of the counter is fixed. When "1" on the reset input R of the counter cleared.
At power-on input R connected to the gate 4 is set to "0", allowing the chip. The first output signal ("1") is formed on the output DD2 0, which leads to the ignition of the led of the optocoupler VU1 (AO). Opens Optimiser, which, in turn, includes a triac VS1 (COG). whereby the lamp EL1 red. Using VS1 can apritiate the pump filament power up to 800 W, and if the power load less than 600 watts, set the triac on the radiator is not necessary. Thanks the use of optocouplers fully unleashed the control circuit (from the chip) and the power section (chains of lamps). Input current for the optocoupler AO (old name - P) - 10 mA. that allows you to make a device with low current consumption from a power source (excluding the current consumption of the power node, the node does not exceed 35 mA).
The second output signal DD2 is removed from output 1, passes through the diode VD1 on OPTRON VU2, which opens similarly VU1, leads to the ignition of the lamp EL2 yellow. Another control signal for the EL2 lamp comes from the output 3 DD2. This is done to ensure that the yellow light was ignited between the red and green, and Vice versa, between green and red, which provides additional traffic safety on the control plot and repeats the algorithm industrial lights.
The third control signal is supplied from the output of the 2 DD2 and causes the inclusion of the optocoupler VU3 and the green lamp ignition EL3. Thus, switching of light signals is carried out according to the algorithm: red - yellow - green - yellow - red. When the appearance at the output 4 DD2 high level he is input to R, and the counter enters the mode of the new reference, i.e. a "1" appears at pin 3, and the cycle is repeated again. The switching frequency light signals depends on the frequency the master oscillator on the chip DD1. The combustion duration of each lamp is one clock generator (in this case 10).
If you want to specify different sequence indication, for example, to the traffic light there were only two lights (red and green) that may need to allow the traffic lights at the entrance to the garage, the circuit changes as follows. Elements VD1, VD2, R4, VU2, VS2, EL2 are excluded, a, R5 is connected to the output 1 DD2.
In some cases, a flashing light. For example, between red and green signals blinked several times yellow, warning about changing signals the traffic light. For this option R5 is connected to the output 8 (conclusion 9) DD2. R connected to the output 9 (pin 11) DD2. To a connection point of the cathodes VD1 and VD2 and R4 are connected in analogy with VD1. VD2 four more of the same diode. The anodes of all these diodes (including VD1, VD2) are connected respectively with pins 2; 4; 7; 10; 1; 5; 6 DD2. In this embodiment, the enable light signals traffic light after the red light flashes six times a yellow, then turns on a green signal. And then the cycle will repeat again.
The elements of the device are mounted on the circuit Board, pins are connected flexible wire MGTF to 0.6. The case for design - suitable. Ceiling lamps with lamps installed in the right place. To neutralize the natural light falling they have roofs made of tin. As lampshades you can apply unnecessary lights, for example, from a truck Volvo FL-7"), with appropriate cartridges and filament lamps for a voltage of 220 V or take industrial ceiling lamp with protective grille (PF-115). Inside lampshades incandescent bulbs with pre-applied on the bulb nitro red, yellow and green colors.
The timing of the oxide capacitor C1. from which strongly depends on the frequency the generator should be with minimal leakage current and stable TKE (temperature coefficient of capacitance). The circuit has a capacitor type K53-19. For even better temperature stability it is desirable to use non-polar capacitor type CT-23. K10-28 or foreign equivalent firms KWC.
All fixed resistors - MLT-0,25, MF-25. The DD1 chip can be replaced by CLE, K561LN2. In the latter case, the terminals for connecting the chip will be other. In addition, acceptable use and their foreign counterparts - CD4011A (CLA) and CD4017A (CIE). Diodes VD1, VD2 can be replaced by KD521. CD. CD. D311. D, D9 with any letter index and similar.
The current consumption of the node generation and the pulse at a voltage of 12 V is not more than 35 mA. The power source for the device is stable with within the voltage 6.-..14 V.
Instead AOE you can use AO with any letter index, an analogue - optoelectronic relay AC P, unreleased until 1996.. or foreign analogues - MOS. MOS, MOS, MOS. Triacs COG, in extreme cases, it is permissible to replace COW. Incandescent lamps are chosen depending on a particular application of the traffic light.
With proper details and error-free installation of the device begins to work immediately. Establishing device is installed at the output of the clock generator the pulse frequency of approximately 0.1 Hz.
Author: A. Kashkarov, St.-Petersburg