Lighting installation called electrical device, designed to illuminate spaces, of territories, buildings and structures.
Lighting electrical installation of a modern apartment building or industrial company is a complex the complex, which consists of switchgear, main and group of electrical networks, various wiring devices, lighting fixtures and light sources, support structures and fasteners.
Feature lighting installations is the variety of schemes and ways of execution of electric wiring, structures lamps and light sources. In modern electrical installations are used complex automation and telecontrol.
There is a General, local, combined, working and emergency lighting.
Shared call coverage of the entire premises or a part thereof.
Local called the lighting of working places, objects or surfaces (e.g. Desk lamp).
Work is the lighting, which serves to ensure the activities production and auxiliary units enterprise.
Emergency is called light, which is in violation of the working light temporarily provides the opportunity to continue work. Emergency light suit in the premises, corridors, aisles and passageways, staircases.
The emergency lighting differ from other lamps by color and design; they are attached to electric network not related to the network working light.
Combined light combines General and local lighting.
In regular office powered lamps General, local, and working emergency lights is variable input voltage 127 V or 220 V, and in areas with high risk and in particularly hazardous areas - with a voltage of 12, 24 or 36 V.
Also emit lighting portable, security and svetoograzhdenie.
Security lighting is installed along the fence of the protected area with so that simultaneously covered the outer and inner zone adjacent to the fence.
Portable lighting portable lamps attached to the mains voltage of 127 or 220 V In normal areas and 12 In the high-risk areas and open areas the territory of the enterprise.
Svetoograzhdenie lighting is installed on the TV's, high buildings, chimneys and other high structures to ensure the safety of aircraft in the dark.
The main requirement applicable to the lighting - the provision of regulated light intensity values, which are determined conditions of visual work, including:
1) the size of the objects of discernment, their contrast with the background and the coefficient the reflection of the background;
2) the availability of affordable dangerous to touch objects (open Ecopravo - ceived parts, unshielded
rotating parts of machines, etc.);
3) the presence in the field of view of the glowing surfaces of large brightness (electro- or gas welding, molten metal, radiant light hot workpiece, industrial lights, etc.).
The lighting in some parts of the premises or workplaces increase by localized location lamps General lighting, local lighting devices, applications structurally improved fixtures or increase wattage.
Compliance at the design stage, and then during installation and lighting electrical installations of normalized parameters light promotes:
1) to improve working conditions and increase productivity;
2) to reduce fatigue of view of workers;
3) improving the quality of manufactured products;
4) saving of electrical energy consumed for lighting.
Installation of lighting installations produce the project, which provides lighting calculations, given the calculation lighting network, taking into account the nature of the process, the operating conditions and the state of the environment. Calculation of loss of power supply is carried out on the basis of the lowest cost electrically conductive materials (wires, cables, tires etc.). Voltage at most remote lamps shall not be less than 95 % par for the emergency and outdoor lighting and 97.5% of the nominal working for the network lighting indoor industrial enterprises and searchlight installations of outdoor lighting. Voltage in the normal mode should be not more than 102.5% of par.
The design load supply lighting network is determined by multiplying the installed capacity of the lamps identified in the result of the lighting calculation, the ratio of demand equal to 0.6 for switchgear, substations, warehouse and auxiliary premises of enterprises; 0,8 - for laboratories and hospitals; 1 - for production premises.
Power lighting electrical installations, which are simultaneously attached and power consumers (motors, electric welding machines, etc.), lighting is provided by a separate transformers or transformers.
Author: E. A. Bannikov