Water containing ions of silver ("silver" or "living" water), has found application in medicine and in everyday life, and its useful properties described in the literature. Silver water can be produced at home. Features of the device, we offer our readers to get this water, by calculating to determine the quantity of dissolved silver in water and uniform wear of the electrodes. The author made his own device, using a relatively old components. They are replaced by modern ones. Furthermore, it is possible to significantly simplify the design using, for example, chips. Go for it!
To obtain the "silver water" is lowered into the water through the electrodes from silver electric current is passed. The quantity of dissolved silver M in milligrams can be calculated by the formula: M=1,118*I*T*K, where I is the current flowing through the electrodes, A; T = time of current flow, C; K is a coefficient equal to the drinking water of 0.9.
We offer our readers the device provides a stable current through the electrodes 16 mA regardless of the characteristics of water, the distance between the electrodes and voltage. The capacity of 1 mg/min Direction of the current through the electrodes changes periodically for uniform expenses. Powered device from the built-in battery "Krona" voltage of 9 V, which provides 30 hours of continuous work. Provide for connection of external power supply voltage 6...12 V
Schematic diagram of the device for receiving "silver" water is shown in the figure. It consists of a clock pulse generator, a trigger that sets the switching frequency of the electrodes, the device changes the polarity the inclusion of the electrodes and stabilization of flowing current and led indicator.
The clock generator is made on transistors VT1, VT2. The pulse duration is set by the chain R3C1, and the period of the journey - chain R1C1. In our case the pulse duration does not matter, but from the period of the journey (about 2...4 min, which is not particularly significant) depends on the switching frequency of the electrodes ionator. Clock pulses from the collector of transistor VT2 served on counting trigger transistors VT5, VT6. From classic this trigger is characterized by the presence of the four outputs, intended for current management key stage executed in a bridge circuit transistors VT3, VT4, VT7, VT8. Key cascade reverses the polarity of the voltage on the electrodes and stabilizes the current through them.
Consider the operation of this switch. Assume that the transistor VT5 trigger open and VT6 - closed. The emitter current of the transistor VT5 flows through the diode VD1 and creates a voltage that can open
the control transistor VT4. Because of the presence of the resistor R11 in the circuit of emitter recent works in the stabilization mode current passing through the electrodes. The collector current of the transistor VT5 flows through the resistors R6, R12 and the base of transistor VT7 key stage, therefore, the latter is open and its collector voltage is present close to the supply voltage. Transistors VT3, VT8 switch in this case will be closed due to a closed state of the transistor VT6 the trigger and having their emitters blocking voltages with resistors R10, R11. Thus, in the present embodiment, the current will pass through the circuit R10-VT7-electrodes of the device - VT4 - R11 and the voltage at the terminals 1, 2 connectors HRS will have a negative polarity. The next clock pulse will switch the trigger in a different state and will be opened transistor VT6, and closed VT5. Now the current will flow through the circuit R10-VT3-electrodes of the device - VT8 - R11 and the negative polarity voltage will be at pins 3, 4 connector HR. Regulating transistors VT4, VT8 compensate changes of the supply voltage and the voltage on the electrodes. They also restricted through currents of the transistors of the bridge in moments of switching and output currents in case of accidental shorting of the electrodes with each other.
If battery is discharged or when excessive voltage drop across the electrodes of the regulating transistor may be in the saturation state, resulting in stabilization of the current is broken. This situation monitors the cascade transistor VT9 and diodes VD6-VD8. During normal operation the voltage on the electrodes is increased and the diode VD7, VD8, and the transistor VT9 closed. At saturation of any of the regulating transistor residual voltage on the collector in the amount of the voltage drop across the corresponding diode VD7 or VD8) becomes lower than the voltage drop across the diode VD6 and the transistor VT9 opens.
Transistors VT10, VT11 and HL1 led is assembled, the indicator of operation of the device. He is the generator of pulses (flashes of light) a large duty cycle, controlled by a transistor VT9. Closed transistor does not affect the operation of the generator, and open - puts it in a mode of constant illumination of the led. To the brightness if the battery is not changed, the transistor VT10 operates in the constant current flowing through the led. Through a resistor R23, a current flows to the discharge of the capacitor C4 at low voltages on the led.
The device for receiving "silver" water is assembled on a printed Board of fiberglass dimensions h mm. During installation can be used resistors ULM-0,12, sun-0,125, MLT-0,125 or MLT-0,25, etc. Capacitors C2, C3 - all-ceramic (e.g., K10-23); C1, C4 - any oxide with low leakage current (for example K53-4). If there are non-polar capacitors, it is best to apply them. Germanium transistor structure n-p-n can take any of a series MP-MP, P8-P11, and the structure of p-n-p series MP39-MP42, A13-p, MP, MP, p, Paragraph 26 with the current transfer ratio 30...90. Silicon transistors - structure n-p-n (N-MP,MP-MP, P-P) and p-n-p (N-MP, MP-MP, P-P106) current transfer ratio 15...45.
Instead of diodes CDB will fit almost any low-power silicon. Led ALB can be replaced by AL307 desired emission color. The switch SA1 - miniature PTS. Outlet HR taken from used battery "Krona", connector XP2 (GST-BC-18) from the calculator, and plug HER cut of the connector GBPS-SP (taken two pairs of contacts). Due to the short length of the conclusions HL1 led soldered at the terminals of the resistor R23.
The housing can be soldered from the plates foiled fiberglass thickness 0,8...1,5 mm. Dimensions of workpieces: h mm - 2 PCs.; j mm - 2 PCs.; h mm - 1 piece. h mm - 1 PC leave solder foil strips of 1.5...3 mm around the perimeter of the workpiece. For fixing the PCB on the side walls of the housing need to solder or glue the lugs threaded M2. In the case on a place to cut out the holes for the led HL1, the switch SA1 and connectors XP2, JR.
The electrode holder is recommended to perform in the form of a blade with a handle and a beak - hook of organic glass with a thickness of 4...6 mm. On a blade with two sides medical glue BF-6 need to paste the plate electrodes (surface area of one electrode of about 1 cm2), and using the handle to withdraw the connecting conductors. Space rations should not water wettable. Most suitable electrodes for commercially pure silver contained in some industrial components, as well as the household sterling silver. When the blade is immersed in a jar of water and held beak at the side of the banks.
When configuring the device the desired switching frequency electrodes set selection resistor R1 and the led flashes - the selection of the resistor R22. In conclusion, connecting instead of electrodes milliammeter, the selection of the resistor R11 sets the current through the electrodes, is equal to 16 mA.
For preparation of "silver water" is needed to place the electrodes into the water and turn on the power. The normal process is accompanied by the blinking of the led; in the absence of water, the battery is flat or excessively large distance between the electrodes of the led is continuously illuminated. The duration of operation of the device is determined by its productivity (1 mg/min), the required volume of water and concentration. For example, at a concentration of 20 mg/l and one liter of water, the device should work within 20 minutes after this time, the power should be turned off, the electrodes are removed and rinsed with clean water. The prepared water mix and put in a dark place for 4 h, after which it becomes usable.
Silver water should be stored in a dark place because light black and silver precipitates. In operation, the electrodes also turn black due to oxidation, but this does not affect the process of silvering the water. Undergone industrial cleaning water (chlorinated, etc.) should be pre-filtered (using filter "Spring", etc.) or stand for several hours to remove chlorine. "Silver" water will not be boiling, which puts silver in a physiologically inactive form.
The use of silver water is extremely wide. This is, in particular, you can visit the monograph Kul L. A., "Silver water" (Kyiv.: Naukova Dumka, 1968).
Author: V. Gulev, Serpukhov, Moscow region; Publication: N. Bolshakov, rf.atnn.ru